Which metal ion is a constituent of chlorophyll?
Question: Which metal ion is a constituent of chlorophyll? a. Iron b. Copper c. Magnesium d. Zinc Solution: Option (c)Magnesium is the answer....
Read More →Differentiate:
Question: Differentiate: $x^{4} \tan x$ Solution: To find: Differentiation of $x^{4} \tan x$ Formula used: (i) (uv)' = u'v + uv' (Leibnitz or product rule) (ii) $\frac{d x^{n}}{d x}=n x^{n-1}$ (iii) $\frac{d \tan x}{d x}=\sec ^{2} x$ Let us take $u=x^{4}$ and $v=\tan x$ $u^{\prime}=\frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d x^{4}}{d x}=4 x^{3}$ $v^{\prime}=\frac{d v}{d x}=\frac{d \tan x}{d x}=\sec ^{2} x$ Putting the above obtained values in the formula:- $(U V)^{\prime}=U^{\prime} V+U V^{\prime}$ $\left(x^{4} \ta...
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \frac{\cot x}{\log \sin x} d x$ Solution: Assume $\log (\sin x)=t$ $\mathrm{d}(\log (\sin x))=\mathrm{d} t$ $\Rightarrow \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} d x=d t$ $\Rightarrow \cot x d x=d t$ Put $\mathrm{t}$ and dt in given equation we get $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{t}}$ $=\ln |\mathrm{t}|+c$ But $\mathrm{t}=\log (\sin \mathrm{x})$ $=\ln |\log (\sin x)|+c$...
Read More →Hydroponics has been shown to be a successful
Question: Hydroponics has been shown to be a successful technique for growing of plants. Yet most of the crops are still grown on land. Why? Solution: Hydroponics is the technique where the plants are grown in mineral nutrient instead of soil. This requires the addition of mineral regularly and change of water. Examples like tomato, cucumber etc culture like this. Most of the crops are grown still in the land because minerals are already present in the soil there is no need of adding extra into ...
Read More →Give the biochemical events occurring in the root nodule
Question: Give the biochemical events occurring in the root nodule of a pulse plant. What is the end product? What is its fate? Solution: The process of nitrogen fixation involves the conversion of free nitrogen in the air into Ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds in the presence of enzyme Nitrogenase. N2 + 8H+ + 8e- 2NH3 + H2 The end product of the biochemical events is Ammonia (NH3). The Ammonia produced through nitrogen fixation is incorporated in the amino acids as an amino group. At physi...
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \frac{1}{e^{x}+1} d x$ Solution: First of all, take $e^{x}$ common from the denominator, so we get $\Rightarrow \int \frac{1}{e^{x}\left(\frac{1}{e^{x}}+1\right)} \cdot d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \frac{1 \cdot e^{-x}}{e^{-x}+1} d x$ Assume $e^{-x}+1=t$ $d\left(e^{-x}+1\right)=d t$c $\Rightarrow-e^{-x} d x=d t$ $\Rightarrow e^{-x} d x=-d t$ Substituting $t$ and dt we get $\Rightarrow \int \frac{-\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{t}}$ $\Rightarrow \ln |\mathrm{t}|+...
Read More →Differentiate:
Question: Differentiate: $\left(x^{2}+3 x+1\right) \sin x$ Solution: To find: Differentiation of $\left(x^{2}+3 x+1\right) \sin x$ Formula used: (i) (uv)' $=u^{\prime} v+u v^{\prime}$ (Leibnitz or product rule) (ii) $\frac{d x^{n}}{d x}=n x^{n-1}$ (iii) $\frac{d \sin x}{d x}=\cos x$ Let us take $u=x^{2}+3 x+1$ and $v=\sin x$ $u^{\prime}=\frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d\left(x^{2}+3 x+1\right)}{d x}=2 x+3$ $v^{\prime}=\frac{d v}{d x}=\frac{d \sin x}{d x}=\cos x$ Putting the above obtained values in the fo...
Read More →Trace the events starting from the coming in contact
Question: Trace the events starting from the coming in contact with Rhizobium to a leguminous root till nodule formation. Add a note on the importance of leghemoglobin. Solution: Event 1: Trace the events starting from the coming in contact with Rhizobium to a leguminous root till nodule formation. Add a note on the importance of leghemoglobin. Event 2: The root hair cells curl and the bacteria enter the root hairs. Event 3: After entering the root hair an infection thread is formed.Which carrie...
Read More →We know that plants require nutrients.
Question: We know that plants require nutrients. If we supply these in excess, will it be beneficial to the plants? If yes, how/ If no, why? Solution: No, excess of nutrients should not be given because if we supply these nutrients in excess reduces the dry weight of the tissue by 10% and leads to toxicity. It also inhibits the uptake other elements. For example, Increased level of Manganese inhibits the uptake of Calcium, Iron etc....
Read More →With the help of examples describe
Question: With the help of examples describe the classification of essential elements based on the function they perform. Solution: i. Essential elements as components of energy-related compounds Example: Magnesium in chlorophyll and phosphorus in ATP molecule ii. Components of Structural elements of cells Example: Hydrogen bonds are seen in the secondary structure of proteins, Carbon and Oxygen in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. iii. Essential elements as Activator and Inhibi...
Read More →What are the essential elements for plants?
Question: What are the essential elements for plants? Give the criteria of essentiality? How are minerals classifieds depending upon the amount in which they are needed by the plants? Solution: There are two types of essential elements they are macro and microelements. Macro elements are present in large amounts like calcium, magnesium etc. Whereas microelements are present in small amounts like iron and zinc. Criteria of essentiality: The essentiality not only depends on the presence of an elem...
Read More →We find that Rhizobium forms nodules
Question: We find that Rhizobium forms nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. Also Frankia another microbe forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plant Alnus. a. Can we artificially induce the property of nitrogen fixation in a plant leguminous or non-leguminous? b. What kind of relationship is observed between mycorrhiza and pine trees? c. Is it necessary for a microbe to be in close association with a plant to provide mineral nutrition? Explain with the help of one ex...
Read More →It is observed that deficiency of a particular element
Question: It is observed that deficiency of a particular element showed its symptoms initially in older leaves and then in younger leaves. a. Does it indicate that the element is actively mobilized or relatively immobile? b. Name two highly mobile elements and two which are relatively immobile. c. How is the aspect of the mobility of elements important to horticulture and agriculture? Solution: (a) If it is observed that deficiency of a particular element showed its symptoms initially in older l...
Read More →Differentiate:
Question: Differentiate: $x^{3} \sec x$ Solution: To find: Differentiation of $x^{3} \sec x$ Formula used: (i) (uv)' $=u^{\prime} v+u v^{\prime}$ (Leibnitz or product rule) (ii) $\frac{d x^{n}}{d x}=n x^{n-1}$ (iii) $\frac{d \sec x}{d x}=\sec x \tan x$ Let us take $u=x^{3}$ and $v=\sec x$ $u^{\prime}=\frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d x^{3}}{d x}=3 x^{2}$ $v^{\prime}=\frac{d v}{d x}=\frac{d s e c x}{d x}=\sec x \tan x$ Putting the above obtained values in the formula :- $(u v)^{\prime}=u^{\prime} v+u v^{\p...
Read More →A farmer adds/ supplies Na, Ca, Mg
Question: A farmer adds/ supplies Na, Ca, Mg and Fe regularly to his field and yet he observes that the plants show a deficiency of Ca, Mg and Fe. Give a valid reason and suggest a way to help the farmer improve the growth of plants. Solution: The soil becomes infertile when the pH is not maintained. Alkalinity or acidity of the plants when increased they wont take up nutrients from the soil. It causes iron deficiency also. Prevention: The pH of the soil is maintained and using good quality fert...
Read More →Carnivorous plants exhibit nutritional adaptation.
Question: Carnivorous plants exhibit nutritional adaptation. Citing an example explain this fact. Solution: Carnivorous plants exhibit nutritional adaptation because they have green leaves which show they are Autotrophic but they grow in nitrogen-deficient soil. In case of Pitcher Plant, it is assumed that during evolution the leaf folded inwards to form the inside of the pitcher...
Read More →How are the terms ‘critical concentration’
Question: How are the terms critical concentration and deficient different from each other in terms of the concentration of an essential element in plants? How will you find the values of critical concentration and deficient for minerals Fe Zn? Solution: Critical concentration is the concentration of essential elements below which the plant growth would stop whereas the concentration of essential elements below which the deficiency of an element starts taking place and visible signs are seen in ...
Read More →Name the most crucial enzyme found in root
Question: Name the most crucial enzyme found in root nodules for N2 fixation? Does it require a special pink coloured pigment for its functioning? Elaborate. Solution: Nitrogenase is the crucial enzyme found in root nodules for N2 fixation it converts the free nitrogen in the air to Ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. It requires a special pink coloured pigment for its functioning called leg haemoglobin....
Read More →How are organisms like Pseudomonas
Question: How are organisms like Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus of great significance in the nitrogen cycle? Solution: Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus are involved in the process of denitrification during the nitrogen cycle. The nitrate present in the soil is converted...
Read More →How is sulphur important for plants?
Question: How is sulphur important for plants? Name the amino acids in which it is present. Solution: Sulphur is important for the formation of chlorophyll and the main constituent of various coenzymes. It is also involved in the modulation of legumes. Sulphur is present in two amino acids. Cysteine and Methionine....
Read More →Excess of Mn in the soil leads to a deficiency
Question: Excess of Mn in the soil leads to a deficiency of Ca, Mg and Fe. Explain. Solution: Manganese inhibits the translocation of calcium to the root apex hence causing its deficiency. Manganese competes with Magnesium to bind with enzymes hence causing its deficiency....
Read More →Rice fields produce important greenhouse gas.
Question: Rice fields produce important greenhouse gas. Name it. Solution: The bacteria present in the waterlogged soil under anaerobic conditions produce Methane Gas (CH4) which is a greenhouse gas....
Read More →Differentiate:
Question: Differentiate: $x^{n} \cot x$ Solution: To find: Differentiation of $x^{n} \cot x$ Formula used: (i) (uv)' = u'v + uv' (Leibnitz or product rule) (ii) $\frac{d x^{n}}{d x}=n x^{n-1}$ (iii) $\frac{d \cot x}{d x}=-\operatorname{cosec}^{2} x$ Let us take $u=x^{n}$ and $v=\cot x$ $u^{\prime}=\frac{d u}{d x}=\frac{d x^{n}}{d x}=n x^{n-1}$ $v^{\prime}=\frac{d v}{d x}=\frac{d \cot x}{d x}=-\operatorname{cosec}^{2} x$ Putting the above obtained values in the formula :- $(u v)^{\prime}=u^{\prim...
Read More →Name one non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing
Question: Name one non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing prokaryote. Solution: Nonsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing prokaryote: Azotobacter, Beijernickia etc....
Read More →Name the macronutrient which is a component
Question: Name the macronutrient which is a component of all organic compounds but is not obtained from the soil. Solution: Carbon is the macronutrient which is a component of all organic compounds but is not obtained from the soil....
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