Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^{2} d x$ Solution: Given: $\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^{2} d x$ By applying $(a-b)^{2}=a^{2}-2 a b+b^{2}$ $\Rightarrow \int\left((\sqrt{x})^{2}+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^{2}-2(\sqrt{x})\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) d x$ $\Rightarrow \int\left((\sqrt{x})^{2}+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^{2}-2(\sqrt{x})\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right) d x$ After computing, $\Rightarrow \in...
Read More →In which plant will you look for mycorrhiza
Question: In which plant will you look for mycorrhiza and coralloid roots? Also, explain what these terms mean. Solution: Mycorrhiza can be seen in Pinus and coralloid root in Cycas. Mycorrhiza system association between the roots of higher plants fungi. Fungi help the plants in the absorption of nutrients especially phosphorus in return it go to the shelter. Coralloid roots when the roots of higher plants like Cycas shows association with BGA. It is also an example of a symbiotic association...
Read More →Evaluate the following limits:
Question: Evaluate the following limits: $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{x}$ Solution: $=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{\tan x}-1}{x}$ $=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{\tan x}-1}{x} \times \frac{\tan x}{\tan x}$ $=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{\tan x}-1}{\tan x} \times \frac{\tan x}{x}$ $=1 \times 1$ $=1$ $\therefore \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{\tan x}-1}{x}=1$...
Read More →How are the male and female gametophytes
Question: How are the male and female gametophytes of pteridophytes and gymnosperms different from each other? Solution: Pteridophytes Gymnosperm Male gametophytes are the anthurium Cone may or may not be present Motile male gametes are produced Female egg not enclosed in an ovule Antheridium absent Cones distinctive feature Non-motile gametes Neck canal cells are absent...
Read More →Comment on the lifecycle and nature
Question: Comment on the lifecycle and nature of a fern prothallus. Solution: 1. Fern shows diplo-haplontic life cycle. 2. Diploid sporophyte represents the dominant, independent, photosynthetic plant body. 3. The sporophyte bears sporangia which produce spores by meiosis. 4. These spores germinate to form free-living prothallus which represents a gametophyte. 5. Sexual reproduction: syngamy results in the formation of a diploid zygote. Zygote germinates into a diploid sporophyte. Prothallus: 1....
Read More →The heterosporous pteridophytes show certain
Question: The heterosporous pteridophytes show certain characteristics, which are the precursor to the seed habit in gymnosperms. Explain. Solution: Genera like selaginella, Sylvania, Marsilea etc produces two kinds of spores. Micro and macrospores which are known as heterosporous. (i) Evolutionary heterospory (ii) In-situ development of the embryo within the female gametophyte. (iii) The decrease in the number of megaspore to one....
Read More →Each plant or group of plants has some phylogenetic
Question: Each plant or group of plants has some phylogenetic significance concerning evolution: Cycas, one of the few living members of gymnosperms is called as the relic of past. Can you establish a phylogenetic relationship of Cycas with any other group of plants that justifies the above statement? Solution: Cycas is the connecting link between Gymnosperms and Pteridophyte. They show similarities with pteridophytes like flagellated antherozoids, circinate ptyxis, megasporophyll is leaf-like, ...
Read More →How far does Selaginella one of the few living
Question: How far does Selaginella one of the few living members of lycopodiales (pteridophytes) fall short of seed habit? Solution: Selaginella produces macro and microspores. The megaspores and microspores germinate and produce female and male gametophytes. The embryo was retained within the female gametophyte up to the development of rhizophore, roots and leaves only. Hence, there is no complete retention of an embryo. The seeds of Selaginella and Lycopodium failed to develop protective cover...
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int\left(\frac{m}{x}+\frac{x}{m}+m^{x}+x^{m}+m x\right) d x$ Solution: $\int\left(\frac{m}{x}+\frac{x}{m}+m^{x}+x^{m}+m x\right) d x$ By Splitting, we get, $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{dx}+\int \frac{\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{m}} \mathrm{dx}+\int \mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{m}} \mathrm{dx}+\int \mathrm{m}^{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{dx}+\int \mathrm{mxdx}$ By using formula, $\int \frac{1}{x} d x=\log x+c$ $\Rightarrow m l o g x+\frac{1}{m} \int...
Read More →Heterospory i.e., the formation of two types of spores – microspores
Question: Heterospory i.e., the formation of two types of spores microspores and megaspores is a characteristic feature in the life cycle of a few members of pteridophytes and all spermatophytes. Do you think heterospory has some evolutionary significance in the plant kingdom? Solution: Heterospory led to in situ embryo development. The embryo derives nutrition from the female gametophyte and is better protected. Heterospory led to the evolution of seed habit, which helped the plants to flourish...
Read More →The male and female reproductive organs of several
Question: The male and female reproductive organs of several pteridophytes and gymnosperms are comparable to floral structures of angiosperms. Attempt to compare the various reproductive parts of pteridophytes and gymnosperms with reproductive structures of angiosperms. Solution:...
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int(2-3 x)(3+2 x)(1-2 x) d x$ Solution: $\Rightarrow \int(2-3 x)(3+2 x)(1-2 x) d x$ By multiplying, $\Rightarrow \int\left(6-4 x-9 x-6 x^{2}\right) d x$ $\Rightarrow \int\left(6-13 x-6 x^{2}\right) d x$ By Splitting, we get, $\Rightarrow \int 6 d x-\int 13 x d x-\int 6 x^{2} d x$ By using the formulas, $\int \mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{n}} \mathrm{dx}=\frac{\mathrm{x}^{\mathrm{n}+1}}{\mathrm{n}+1}$ and $\int \mathrm{kdx}=\mathrm{kx}+\mathrm{c}$ We get, $\Rig...
Read More →Why are bryophytes called the amphibians
Question: Why are bryophytes called the amphibians of the plant kingdom? Solution: They inhabit two well-defined habitats i.e. land and water. (b) Bryophytes can complete their life cycle without water; water is required for fertilisation, (c) Water also plays an important role in dehiscence of antheridium and archegonium. (d) As it lacks proper vasculature, water conduction occurs through capillary action. Hence a thin film of water is required on land, for survival...
Read More →In Bryophytes male and female sex organs
Question: In Bryophytes male and female sex organs are called ____________ and __________. Solution: (A) antheridium and (B) archegonium...
Read More →Most algal genera show haplontic lifestyle.
Question: Most algal genera show haplontic lifestyle. Name an alga which is a. Haplo-diplontic b. Diplontic Solution: A. Ectocarpus is the algae which are Haplo-diplontic B. Fucus is the algae which are diplontic...
Read More →The plant body in higher plants is well-differentiated
Question: The plant body in higher plants is well-differentiated and well developed. Roots are the organs used for absorption. What is the equivalent of roots in the less developed lower plants? Solution: Rhizoids, these are the thread-like structures. In liverworts unicellular rhizoids are present and in mosses multicellular rhizoid with oblique septa are present....
Read More →Give an example of plants with
Question: Give an example of plants with a. Haplontic life cycle b. Diplontic life cycle c. Haplo- diplontic life cycle Solution: A. Volvox B.Pinus C. Ectocarpus...
Read More →Food is stored as Floridian starch in Rhodophyceae.
Question: Food is stored as Floridian starch in Rhodophyceae. Mannitol is the reserve food material of which group of algae? Solution: Mannitol is the reserve food material of Phaeophyceae, the brown algae....
Read More →The giant Redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens) is a/an
Question: The giant Redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens) is a/an a. Angiosperm b. Free fern c. Pteridophyte d. Gymnosperm Solution: Option (d)Gymnosperm is the answer....
Read More →Protonema is
Question: Protonema is a. Haploid and is found in mosses b. Diploid and is found in liverworts c. Diploid and is found in pteridophytes d. Haploid and is found in pteridophytes Solution: Option (a) Haploid and is found in mossesis the answer....
Read More →Evaluate the following limits:
Question: Evaluate the following limits: $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{\tan x}$ Solution: $=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{\tan x}$ As x tends to 0, tan(x) also tends to zero, So, $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{\tan x}=\lim _{\tan x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{\tan x}$ $=1$ $\therefore \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{\tan x}-1\right)}{\tan x}=1$...
Read More →If the diploid number of a flowering plant is 36.
Question: If the diploid number of a flowering plant is 36. What would be the chromosome number in its endosperm a 36 b. 18 c. 54 d. 72 Solution: Option (c)54 is the answer....
Read More →Evaluate the following limits:
Question: Evaluate the following limits: $\lim _{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{3+x}-\sin x-e^{3}\right)}{x}$ Solution: $=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{3+x}-\sin x-e^{3}\right)}{x}$ $=-\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}+\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{3+x}-e^{3}}{x}$ $=-1+\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{e^{3}\left(e^{x}-1\right)}{x}$ $=-1+e^{3}$ $\therefore \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(e^{3+x}-\sin x-e^{3}\right)}{x}=e^{3}-1$...
Read More →The embryo sac of an Angiosperm
Question: The embryo sac of an Angiosperm is made up of a. 8 cells b. 7 cells and 8 nuclei c. 8 nuclei d. 7 cells and 7 nuclei Solution: Option (b)7 cells and 8 nuclei is the answer....
Read More →Plants of this group are diploid and well adapted to extreme conditions.
Question: Plants of this group are diploid and well adapted to extreme conditions. They grow bearing sporophylls in compact structures called cones. The group in reference is a. Monocots b. Dicots c. Pteridophytes d. Gymnosperms Solution: Option (d)Gymnosperms is the answer....
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