Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
[question] Question. Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms. [/question] [solution] Solution: Important features of gymnosperms: 1. The term gymnosperm refers to plants with naked seeds (gymnos – naked, sperma – seeds), i.e., the seeds of these plants are not enclosed in fruits. 2. The plant-body ranges from medium to tall trees and shrubs. The giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest trees in the world. 3. The root system consists of tap roots. The coralloid roots present...
Match the followings (column I with column II)
[question] Question. Match the followings (column I with column II) [/question] [solution] Solution: [/solution]...
How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?
[question] Question. How would you distinguish monocots from dicots? [question] [solution] Solution: Monocots and dicots can be differentiated through their morphological and anatomical characteristics. [solution]...
Differentiate between the following:
[question] Question. Differentiate between the following:- (i)red algae and brown algae (ii) liverworts and moss (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (iv) syngamy and triple fusion [/question] [solution] Solution: (i) Red algae and brown algae <img src="/media/uploads/2021/12/i-Red-algae-and-brown-algae12.png" alt="(i) Red algae and brown algae12" (ii) Liverworts and moss (iii) Homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (iv) Syngamy and triple fusion [/solution]...
Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
[question] Question. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (i) protonema (ii) antheridium (iii) archegonium (iv) diplontic (v) sporophyll (vi) isogamy [/question] [solution] Solution: (i) Protonema – It is the first stage in the life cycle of a moss, developing directly from the spore. It consists of creeping, green, branched, and often filamentous structures. (ii) Antheridium – It is the male sex organ present in bryophytes and pteridophytes and is surrounded by a jacket ...
What is heterospory?
[question] Question. What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples. [/question] [solution] Solution: Heterospory is a phenomenon in which two kinds of spores are borne by the same plant. These spores differ in size. The smaller one is known as microspore and the larger one is known as megaspore. The microspore germinates to form the male gametophyte and the megaspore germinates to form the female gametophyte. The male gametophyte releases the male gametes and these ...
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds,
[question] Question. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately? [/question] [solution] Solution: Gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed-producing plants with diplontic life cycles. In gymnosperms, the sporophylls are aggregated to form compact cones. The microsporophylls are broad and are not distinguished into filaments and anthers. The megasporophylls are woody and lack the ovary, style, and stigma, because of which the ovules lie exposed. The female ga...
Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
[question] Question. Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms. [/question] [solution] Solution: Economic importance of algae Algae have diverse economic uses. They perform half of the total carbon dioxide-fixation on earth by photosynthesis, acting as the primary producers in aquatic habitats. (a) Food source: Many species of marine algae such as Porphyra, Sargassum, and Laminaria are edible. Chlorella and Spirulina are rich in proteins. Thus, they are used as food supplement...
Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot
[question] Question. Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a fern; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern. [/question] [solution] Solution: (a) Protonemal cell of a moss – Haploid (b) Primary endosperm nucleus in a dicot – Triploid (c) Leaf cell of a moss – Haploid (d) Prothallus of a fern – Haploid (e) Gemma cell in Marchantia – Haploid (f)...
Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia.
[question] Question. Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them. [/question] [solution] Solution: Archegonium is the female sex organ that produces the female gamete or egg. It is present in the life cycles of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Life cycle of a fern (Dryopteris) Dryopteris is a common fern with pinnately-compound leaves. The main plant-body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its matu...
When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort
[question] Question. When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm? [/question] [solution] Solution: liverwort – In liverworts, the main plant-body is haploid (gametophytic). It bears the male and female sex organs which produce gametes. These gametes fuse to form a zygote. The zygote develops on the gametophytic plant-body to form a sporophyte. The sporophyte is differentiated into the foot, seta, and capsule. ...
What is the basis of classification of algae?
[question] Question. What is the basis of classification of algae? [/question] [solution] Solution: Algae are classified into three main classes – Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. These divisions are based on the following factors: (a) Major photosynthetic pigments present (b) Form of stored food (c) Cell wall composition (d) Number of flagella and position of insertion Class I – Chlorophyceae Common name – Green algae Major pigments – Chlorophylls a and b Stored food – Starch Cell...