Differentiate between guttation and transpiration.
Question: Differentiate between guttation and transpiration. Solution: Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant by aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour whereas guttation is the loss of water from margins of leaves in the form of water droplets....
Read More →Give the location of the Casparian
Question: Give the location of the Casparian strip and explain its role in the water movement. Solution: Casparian strips are situated in the endodermal cell walls (radial and transverse) of plant roots. It prevents movement of water from pericycle to cortex thus promoting and establishing a positive hydrostatic pressure...
Read More →How does water moves within the root?
Question: How does water moves within the root? Solution: Water moves from the soil to the roots via the process of osmosis. The water potential in the soil is more than in the cytoplasm of the root hair. So water passes across the semi-permeable membrane of the root hair cell into the root via osmosis....
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \frac{\sin (x-a)}{\sin (x-b)} d x$ Solution: While solving these types of questions, it is better to eliminate the denominator. $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\sin (x-a)}{\sin (x-b)} d x$ Add and subtract $b$ in $(x-a)$ $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\sin (x-a+b-b)}{\sin (x-b)} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\sin (x-b+b-a)}{\sin (x-b)}$ Numerator is of the form $\sin (A+B)=\sin A \cos B+\cos A \sin B$ Where $A=x-b ; B=b-a$ $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\sin (x-b) \cos...
Read More →Differentiate between Apoplast and Symplast
Question: Differentiate between Apoplast and Symplast pathways of water movement. Which of these would need active transport? Solution: 1. Apoplast consists of non-living parts of the plant whereas symplast consists of living parts of the plant. 2. Water diffusion in apoplast occurs by passive diffusion whereas in symplast occurs by osmosis 3. Resistance is less to water movement in apoplast whereas in symplast resistance is more to water movement. Symplast pathway of water movement requires act...
Read More →Tradescantia leaf epidermal peel was taken and
Question: Tradescantia leaf epidermal peel was taken and a. Placed in the salt solution for five minutes. b. After that, it was placed in distilled water. When seen under the microscope what would be observed in a and b? Solution: a. The cells would have shrunk when seen under the microscope because the salt solution is hypertonic causing water to move out of the cell thus leading to exosmosis. b. After that when it was placed in distilled water, the cell regains its turgidity as it absorbs wate...
Read More →Why is solute potential always negative?
Question: Why is solute potential always negative? Explain yw = ys + yp Solution: So when a solute is dissolved in water, the water potential of pure water decreases or starts assuming a negative value....
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \frac{\cos 2 x}{(\cos x+\sin x)^{2}} d x$ Solution: Expanding $(\cos x+\sin x)^{2}=\cos ^{2} x+\sin ^{2} x+2 \sin x \cos x$ We know $\cos ^{2} x+\sin ^{2} x=1,2 \sin x \cos x=\sin 2 x$ $\therefore(\cos x+\sin x)^{2}=1+\sin 2 x$ $\therefore$ we can write the given equation as $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\cos 2 x}{1+\sin 2 x} d x$ Assume $1+\sin 2 x=t$ $\Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{d}(1+\sin 2 \mathrm{x})}{\mathrm{dx}}=\frac{\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ $\R...
Read More →Find the derivation of each of the following from the first principle:
Question: Find the derivation of each of the following from the first principle: $\sqrt{\cos 3 x}$ Solution: Let $\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})=\sqrt{\cos 3 \mathrm{x}}$ We need to find the derivative of $f(x)$ i.e. $f^{\prime}(x)$ We know that, $\mathrm{f}^{\prime}(\mathrm{x})=\lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h})-\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})}{\mathrm{h}}$ (i) $f(x)=\sqrt{\cos 3 x}$ $\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h})=\sqrt{\cos 3(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h})}$ $=\sqrt{\cos (3 x+...
Read More →Define water potential and solute potential.
Question: Define water potential and solute potential. Solution: Water potential (Ψw) is the sum of solute potential (Ψs) and pressure potential (Ψp): Ψw= Ψs+ Ψp. The solute potential is also known as osmotic potential is the potential of solution that allows the water to enter the solution by diffusion or osmosis due to the presence of the solute in it....
Read More →Given below is a table.
Question: Given below is a table. Fill in the gaps Solution: A B C D E = No F and G = Yes...
Read More →In a plant, translocation in the xylem
Question: In a plant, translocation in the xylem is unidirectional while in phloem it is bidirectional. Explain. Solution: The vascular bundle, phloem is responsible for conducting the food from the source to the sink. But the process is reversed during seasons like spring because during that term the food which is stored in the sink is then supplied to the growing parts of the plant. The source and sink relation are hence variable so the direction of movement of food via the phloem can be eithe...
Read More →The C4 plants are twice as efficient as C3 plants
Question: The C4 plants are twice as efficient as C3 plants in terms of fixing CO2 but lose only _________ as much water as C3 plants for the same amount of CO2 fixed. Solution: Half....
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \frac{\sec x}{\sec 2 x} d x$ Solution: Here first of all convert secx in terms of $\cos x$ $\therefore$ We get $\Rightarrow \sec x=\frac{1}{\cos x}, \sec 2 x=\frac{1}{\cos 2 x}$ $\therefore$ We get $\Rightarrow \int \frac{\cos 2 x}{\cos x} d x$ We know $\Rightarrow \int \frac{2 \cos ^{2} x-1}{\cos x} d x$ $\therefore$ We can write the above equation as $\Rightarrow \int \frac{2 \cos ^{2} x-1}{\cos x} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int 2 \cos x d x-\int \frac...
Read More →The plant cell cytoplasm is surrounded by both cell wall and cell membrane.
Question: The plant cell cytoplasm is surrounded by both cell wall and cell membrane. The specificity of transport of substances are mostly across the cell membrane, because _________________. Solution: The cell wall is freely permeable to water and substances in solutions but the membrane is selectively permeable....
Read More →Water moves up against gravity and even for a tree of 20m height,
Question: Water moves up against gravity and even for a tree of 20m height, the tip receives water within two hours. The most important physiological phenomenon which is responsible for the upward movement of water is _______________________. Solution: Transpiration pull...
Read More →Absorption of water from the soil
Question: Absorption of water from the soil by dry seeds increases the _____________, thus helping seedlings to come out of the soil Solution: Pressure...
Read More →A flowering plant is planted in an earthen pot and irrigated.
Question: A flowering plant is planted in an earthen pot and irrigated. Urea is added to make the plant grow faster, but after some time the plant dies. This may be due to _______________ . Solution: Exosmosis...
Read More →Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion,
Question: Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion, in which water diffuses across the cell membrane. The rate and direction of osmosis depends upon both ______________. Solution: Pressure and concentration gradient...
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \sqrt{\frac{1-\cos x}{1+\cos x}} d x$ Solution: $1-\cos x=2 \sin ^{2} \frac{x}{2}$ $1+\cos x=2 \cos ^{2} \frac{x}{2}$ $\Rightarrow \int \sqrt{\frac{2 \sin ^{2} \frac{x}{2}}{2 \cos ^{2} \frac{x}{2}}} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \sqrt{\tan ^{2} \frac{x}{2}} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \tan \frac{x}{2} d x$ $\Rightarrow-2 \ln \left|\cos \frac{x}{2}\right|+c$...
Read More →In passive transport across a membrane,
Question: In passive transport across a membrane, when two different molecules move in the opposite direction and independent of each other, it is called ___________. Solution: Antiport...
Read More →Smaller, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse faster through the cell membrane,
Question: Smaller, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse faster through the cell membrane, but the movement of hydrophilic substances are facilitated by certain transporters which are chemically ____________. Solution: Smaller, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse faster through the cell membrane, but the movement of hydrophilic substances are facilitated by certain transporters which are chemically proteins....
Read More →Find the derivation of each of the following from the first principle:
Question: Find the derivation of each of the following from the first principle: $\frac{x^{2}+1}{x}, x \neq 0$ Solution: Let $f(x)=\frac{x^{2}+1}{x}$ We need to find the derivative of f(x) i.e. f(x) We know that, $f^{\prime}(x)=\lim _{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}$ (i) $f(x)=\frac{x^{2}+1}{x}$ $\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h})=\frac{(\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h})^{2}+1}{\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h}}=\frac{\mathrm{x}^{2}+\mathrm{h}^{2}+2 \mathrm{xh}+1}{\mathrm{x}+\mathrm{h}}$ Putting values in (i), w...
Read More →Mark the mismatched pair
Question: Mark the mismatched pair Solution: Option (a) is the answer....
Read More →Evaluate the following integrals:
Question: Evaluate the following integrals: $\int \sqrt{\frac{1+\cos 2 x}{1-\cos 2 x}} d x$ Solution: $1+\cos 2 x=2 \cos ^{2} x$ $1-\cos 2 x=2 \sin ^{2} x$ (both of them are trigonometric formuales) $\Rightarrow \int \sqrt{\frac{2 \cos ^{2} x}{2 \sin ^{2} x}} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \sqrt{\cot ^{2} x} d x$ $\Rightarrow \int \cot x d x$ $\Rightarrow \ln |\sin x|+c$...
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