Question:
The volume of a cube increases at a constant rate. Prove that the increase in its surface area varies inversely as the length of the side.
Solution:
Let’s assume x to be the length of the cube.
So, the volume of the cube V = x3 …. (1)
Given that, dV/dt = K
Now, on differentiating the equation (1) w.r.t. t, we get
dV/dt = 3x2. dx/dt = K (constant)
So, dx/dt = K/3x2
Now,
Surface area of the cube, S = 6x2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
$\frac{\overline{d s}}{d t}=6 \cdot 2 \cdot x \cdot \frac{d x}{d t}=12 x \cdot \frac{\mathrm{K}}{3 x^{2}}$
$\frac{d s}{d t}=\frac{4 \mathrm{~K}}{x} \Rightarrow \frac{d s}{d t} \propto \frac{1}{x}$ $(4 \mathrm{~K}=$ constant $)$
Therefore, the surface area of the cube varies inversely as the length of the side.