The mid-point of the sides of a triangle are (1, 5, – 1), (0, 4, – 2) and (2, 3, 4). Find its vertices. Also find the centroid of the triangle.
Given the mid-point of the sides of a triangle are $(1,5,-1),(0,4,-2)$ and $(2,3,$, 4).
Let the vertices be $A\left(x_{1}, y_{1}, z_{1}\right), B\left(x_{2}, y_{2}, z_{2}\right)$ and $C\left(x_{3}, y_{3}, z_{3}\right)$ respectively.
Now by using midpoint formula we get
$\Rightarrow\left(\frac{\mathrm{X}_{1}+\mathrm{x}_{2}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{y}_{1}+\mathrm{y}_{2}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{Z}_{1}+\mathrm{z}_{2}}{2}\right)=(1,5,-1)$
$\Rightarrow x_{1}=2-x_{2}, y_{1}=10-y_{2}, z_{1}=-2-z_{2}$
$\Rightarrow\left(\frac{\mathrm{X}_{2}+\mathrm{x}_{3}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{y}_{2}+\mathrm{y}_{3}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{z}_{2}+\mathrm{z}_{3}}{2}\right)=(0,4,-2)$
$\Rightarrow x_{3}=-x_{2}, y_{3}=8-y_{2}, z_{3}=-4-z_{2}$
$\Rightarrow\left(\frac{\mathrm{x}_{1}+\mathrm{x}_{3}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{y}_{1}+\mathrm{y}_{3}}{2}, \frac{\mathrm{z}_{1}+\mathrm{z}_{3}}{2}\right)=(2,3,4)$
$\Rightarrow\left(\frac{2-\mathrm{x}_{2}-\mathrm{x}_{2}}{2}, \frac{10-\mathrm{y}_{2}+8-\mathrm{y}_{2}}{2}, \frac{-2-\mathrm{z}_{2}-4-\mathrm{z}_{2}}{2}\right)=(2,3,4)$
Now by comparing the equations to their RHS we get
$\therefore \mathrm{x}_{2}=-1$,
$y_{2}=6$
$z_{2}=-7$
$\therefore \mathrm{x}_{1}=2-\mathrm{x}_{2}=3$,
$y_{1}=10-y_{2}=4$
$z_{1}=-2-z_{2}=5$
$\therefore \mathrm{x}_{3}=-\mathrm{x}_{2}=1$,
$y_{3}=8-y_{2}=2$
$z_{3}=-4-z_{2}=3$
$\therefore \mathrm{A}(-1,6,-7), \mathrm{B}(3,4,5), \mathrm{C}(1,2,3)$ are the required vertices.
Centroid of a triangle is given by the average of the coordinates of its vertices or midpoint of sides.
Centroid is $\left(\frac{1+0+2}{3}, \frac{5+4+3}{3}, \frac{-1-2+4}{3}\right)=(1,4,1 / 3)$