Suppose there existed a planet that went around the sun twice as fast as the earth.What would be its orbital size as compared to that of the earth?
Lesser by a factor of 0.63
Time taken by the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun,
$T_{e}=1$ year
Orbital radius of the Earth in its orbit, $R_{e}=1 \mathrm{AU}$
Time taken by the planet to complete one revolution around the Sun, $T_{p}=\frac{1}{2} T_{e}=\frac{1}{2}$ year
Orbital radius of the planet $=R_{p}$
From Kepler's third law of planetary motion, we can write:
$\left(\frac{R_{P}}{R_{e}}\right)^{3}=\left(\frac{T_{P}}{T_{e}}\right)^{2}$
$\frac{R_{P}}{R_{e}}=\left(\frac{T_{P}}{T_{e}}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}}$
$=\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{1}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}}=(0.5)^{\frac{2}{3}}=0.63$
Hence, the orbital radius of the planet will be $0.63$ times smaller than that of the Earth.