Solve this

Question:

If $f(x)=\left|\log _{10} x\right|$, then at $x=1$

(a) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f\left(1^{+}\right)=\log _{10} e$

(b) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f\left(1^{+}\right)=\log _{10} e$

(c) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f\left(1^{-}\right)=\log _{10} e$

(d) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f\left(1^{-}\right)=-\log _{10} e$

Solution:

(a) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f^{\prime}\left(1^{+}\right)=\log _{10} e$

(d) $f(x)$ is continuous and $f^{\prime}\left(1^{-}\right)=-\log _{10} e$

Given: $f(x)=\left|\log _{10} x\right|=\left|\frac{\log _{e} x}{\log _{e} 10}\right|=\left|\left(\log _{e} x\right) \times\left(\log _{10} e\right)\right|=\left(\log _{10} e\right)\left|\log _{e} x\right|$

$\Rightarrow f^{\prime}\left(1^{+}\right)=\lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(1+h)-f(1)}{h}=\lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(\log _{10} e\right)\left|\log _{e}(1+h)\right|-\left(\log _{10} e\right)\left|\log _{e} 1\right|}{h}=\left(\log _{10} e\right) \lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left|\log _{e}(1+h)\right|}{h}=\left(\log _{10}(e)\right) \times 1=\left(\log _{10} e\right)$

Also,

$f^{\prime}\left(1^{-}\right)=\lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(1-h)-f(1)}{h}=\lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(\log _{10} e\right)\left|\log _{e}(1-h)\right|-\left(\log _{10} e\right)\left|\log _{e} 1\right|}{h}=-\left(\log _{10} e\right) \lim _{\mathrm{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left|\log _{e}(1-h)\right|}{-h}=-\left(\log _{10} e\right) \times 1=-\left(\log _{10} e\right)$

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