Let $A=\{1,2,3\}$ and $R=\left\{(a, b): a, b \in A\right.$ and $\left|a^{2}-b^{2}\right| \leq 5$
Write R as a set of ordered pairs
Mention whether $R$ is (i) reflexive (ii) symmetric (iii) transitive. Give reason in each case.
Put $a=1, b=1\left|1^{2}-1^{2}\right| \leq 5,(1,1)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=1, b=2\left|1^{2}-2^{2}\right| \leq 5,(1,2)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=1, b=3\left|1^{2}-3^{2}\right|>5,(1,3)$ is not an ordered pair.
Put $a=2, b=1\left|2^{2}-1^{2}\right| \leq 5,(2,1)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=2, b=2\left|2^{2}-2^{2}\right| \leq 5,(2,2)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=2, b=3\left|2^{2}-3^{2}\right| \leq 5,(2,3)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=3, b=1\left|3^{2}-1^{2}\right|>5,(3,1)$ is not an ordered pair.
Put $a=3, b=2\left|3^{2}-2^{2}\right| \leq 5,(3,2)$ is an ordered pair.
Put $a=3, b=3\left|3^{2}-3^{2}\right| \leq 5,(3,3)$ is an ordered pair.
$R=\{(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,2),(3,3)\}$
(i) For $(a, a) \in R$
$\left|a^{2}-a^{2}\right|=0 \leq 5$. Thus, it is reflexive.
(ii) Let $(a, b) \in R$
$(a, b) \in R$ è $\left|a^{2}-b^{2}\right| \leq 5$
$\left|b^{2}-a^{2}\right| \leq 5$
$(b, a) \in R$
Hence, it is symmetric
(iii) Put $a=1, b=2, c=3$.
$\left|1^{2}-2^{2}\right| \leq 5$
$\left|2^{2}-3^{2}\right| \leq 5$
But $\left|1^{2}-3^{2}\right|>5$
Thus, it is not transitive.
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