Probability that A speaks truth is $\frac{4}{5}$. A coin is tossed. A reports that a head appears. The probability that actually there was head is
A. $\frac{4}{5}$
B. $\frac{1}{2}$
C. $\frac{1}{5}$
D. $\frac{2}{5}$
Let $E_{1}$ and $E_{2}$ be the events such that
$E_{1}$ : A speaks truth
$\mathrm{E}_{2}$ : A speaks false
Let X be the event that a head appears.
$P\left(E_{1}\right)=\frac{4}{5}$
Therefore,
$P\left(E_{2}\right)=1-P\left(E_{1}\right)=1-\frac{4}{5}=\frac{1}{5}$
If a coin is tossed, then it may result in either head (H) or tail (T).
The probability of getting a head is $\frac{1}{2}$ whether $A$ speaks truth or not
$\therefore \mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{X} \mid \mathrm{E}_{1}\right)=\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{X} \mid \mathrm{E}_{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}$
The probability that there is actually a head is given by $P\left(E_{1} \mid X\right)$.
$P\left(E_{1} \mid X\right)=\frac{P\left(E_{1}\right) \cdot P\left(X \mid E_{1}\right)}{P\left(E_{1}\right) \cdot P\left(X \mid E_{1}\right)+P\left(E_{2}\right) \cdot P\left(X \mid E_{2}\right)}$
$=\frac{\frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}$
$=\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{4}{5}}{\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}\right)}$
$=\frac{4}{5}$
$=\frac{4}{5}$
Therefore, the correct answer is A.