Question:
Let $x$ and $y$ be rational and irrational numbers, respectively. Is $x+y$ necessarily an irrational number? Give an example in support of your answer.
Solution:
Yes, $(x+y)$ is necessarily an irrational number.
e.g., Let $\quad x=2, y=\sqrt{3}$
Then, $x+y=2+\sqrt{3}$
If possible, let $x+y=2+\sqrt{3}$ be a rational number.
Consider $a=2+\sqrt{3}$
On squaring both sides, we get
$a^{2}=(2+\sqrt{3})^{2}$ [using identity $(a+b)^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}+2 a b$ ]
$\Rightarrow$ $a^{2}=2^{2}+(\sqrt{3})^{2}+2(2)(\sqrt{3})$
$\Rightarrow$ $a^{2}=4+3+4 \sqrt{3} \Rightarrow \frac{a^{2}-7}{4}=\sqrt{3}$
So, $a$ is rational $\Rightarrow \frac{a^{2}-7}{4}$ is rational $\Rightarrow \sqrt{3}$ is rational.