If x, y, z are non-zero real numbers,

Question:

If $x, y, z$ are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of the matrix $A=\left[\begin{array}{lll}x & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z\end{array}\right]$, is

(a) $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}x^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z^{-1}\end{array}\right]$

(b) $x y z\left[\begin{array}{ccc}x^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z^{-1}\end{array}\right]$

(c) $\frac{1}{x y z}\left[\begin{array}{lll}x & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z\end{array}\right]$

(d) $\frac{1}{x y z}\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right]$

Solution:

(a) $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}x^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z^{-1}\end{array}\right]$

$A=I A$

$\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{lll}x & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right] A$

$\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}x^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z^{-1}\end{array}\right] A$                  $\left[\right.$ Applying $R_{1}=\frac{1}{x} R_{1}, R_{2}=\frac{1}{y} R_{2}$ and $\left.R_{3}=\frac{1}{z} R_{3}\right]$

$\Rightarrow A^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}x^{-1} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & y^{-1} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & z^{-1}\end{array}\right]$

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