Question:
Find the approximate change in the surface area of a cube of side x metres caused by decreasing the side by 1%.
Solution:
Let y be the surface area of the cube.
$y=6 x^{2}$
We have
$\frac{\Delta x}{x} \times 100=1$
Now,
$\frac{d y}{d x}=12 x$
$\Rightarrow \Delta y=d y=\frac{d y}{d x} d x=12 x \times \frac{x}{100}=0.12 x^{2} \mathrm{~m}^{2}$
Hence, approximate change in the surface area of the cube is $0.12 x^{2} \mathrm{~m}^{2}$.