Question:
∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC = 13 cm. The length of the altitude from A on BC is 5 cm. Find BC.
Solution:
It is given that $\triangle A B C$ is an isosceles triangle.
Also, AB = AC = 13 cm
Suppose the altitude from A on BC meets BC at D. Therefore, D is the midpoint of BC.
AD = 5 cm
$\triangle A D B$ and $\triangle A D C$ are right-angled triangles.
Applying Pythagoras theorem, we have:
$A B^{2}=A D^{2}+B D^{2}$
$B D^{2}=A B^{2}-A D^{2}=13^{2}-5^{2}$
$B D^{2}=169-25=144$
$B D=\sqrt{144}=12$
Hence,
$B C=2(B D)=2 \times 12=24 \mathrm{~cm}$