A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be $x$ and $y$ respectively. Thus, the number is $10 y+x$.
The number is 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
$10 y+x=4(x+y)$
$\Rightarrow 10 y+x=4 x+4 y$
$\Rightarrow 4 x+4 y-10 y-x=0$
$\Rightarrow 3 x-6 y=0$
$\Rightarrow 3(x-2 y)=0$
$\Rightarrow x-2 y=0$
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes $10 x+y$.
If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have
$(10 y+x)+18=10 x+y$
$\Rightarrow 10 x+y-10 y-x=18$
$\Rightarrow 9 x-9 y=18$
$\Rightarrow 9(x-y)=18$
$\Rightarrow x-y=\frac{18}{9}$
$\Rightarrow x-y=2$
So, we have the systems of equations
$x-2 y=0$,
$x-y=2$
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
$(x-y)-(x-2 y)=2-0$
$\Rightarrow x-y-x+2 y=2$
$\Rightarrow y=2$
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
$x-2 \times 2=0$
$\Rightarrow x-4=0$
$\Rightarrow x=4$
Hence, the number is $10 \times 2+4=24$.