A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its digits. If 8 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be $x$ and $y$ respectively. Thus, the number is $10 y+x$.
The number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
$10 y+x=4(x+y)+3$
$\Rightarrow 10 y+x=4 x+4 y+3$
$\Rightarrow 4 x+4 y-10 y-x=-3$
$\Rightarrow 3 x-6 y=-3$
$\Rightarrow 3(x-2 y)=-3$
$\Rightarrow x-2 y=-\frac{3}{3}$
$\Rightarrow x-2 y=-1$
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes $10 x+y$.
If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have
$(10 y+x)+18=10 x+y$
$\Rightarrow 10 x+y-10 y-x=18$
$\Rightarrow 9 x-9 y=18$
$\Rightarrow 9(x-y)=18$
$\Rightarrow x-y=\frac{18}{9}$
$\Rightarrow x-y=2$
So, we have the systems of equations
$x-2 y=-1$
$x-y=2$
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
$(x-y)-(x-2 y)=2-(-1)$
$\Rightarrow x-y-x+2 y=3$
$\Rightarrow y=3$
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
$x-2 \times 3=-1$
$\Rightarrow x-6=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=-1+6$
$\Rightarrow x=5$
Hence, the number is $10 \times 3+5=35$.