A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 white balls. A ball is drawn from the bag at random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) white
(ii) red
(iii) not black
(iv) red or white
Number of red balls $=4$
Number of black balls $=5$
Number of white balls $=6$
Total number of balls in the bag $=4+5+6=15$
Therefore, the total number of cases is 15 .
(ii) Let A denote the event of getting a white ball.
Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of white balls $=6$
$\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{A})=\frac{\text { Number of favourable outcomes }}{\text { Total number of outcomes }}=\frac{6}{15}=\frac{2}{5}$
(ii) Let B denote the event of getting a red ball.
Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of red balls $=4$
$P(A)=\frac{\text { Number of favourable outcomes }}{\text { Total number of outcomes }}=\frac{6}{15}=\frac{2}{5}$
(iii) Let $\mathrm{C}$ denote the event of getting a black ball.
Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of black balls $=5$
$P(C)=\frac{\text { Number of favourable outcomes }}{\text { Total number of outcomes }}=\frac{5}{15}=\frac{1}{3}$
Therefore, the probabilty of not getting a black ball is as follows:
$\mathrm{P}(\overline{\mathrm{C}})=1-\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{C})=1-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}$
(vi) Let $D$ denote the event of getting a red or a white ball.
$\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{D})=\frac{\text { Number of favourable outcomes }}{\text { Total number of outcomes }}=\frac{4+6}{15}=\frac{10}{15}=\frac{2}{5}$