(a) A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m.

Focal length of the objective lens, fo = 15 m = 15 × 102 cm

Focal length of the eyepiece, fe = 1.0 cm

(a) The angular magnification of a telescope is given as:

$\alpha=\frac{f_{\mathrm{o}}}{f_{\mathrm{e}}}$

$=\frac{15 \times 10^{2}}{1.0}=1500$

Hence, the angular magnification of the given refracting telescope is 1500.

(b) Diameter of the moon, d = 3.48 × 106 m

Radius of the lunar orbit, r0 = 3.8 × 108 m

Let $d^{\prime}$ be the diameter of the image of the moon formed by the objective lens.

The angle subtended by the diameter of the moon is equal to the angle subtended by the image.

$\frac{d}{r_{0}}=\frac{d^{\prime}}{f_{\mathrm{o}}}$

$\frac{3.48 \times 10^{6}}{3.8 \times 10^{8}}=\frac{d^{\prime}}{15}$

$\therefore d^{\prime}=\frac{3.48}{3.8} \times 10^{-2} \times 15$

$=13.74 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~m}=13.74 \mathrm{~cm}$

Hence, the diameter of the moon’s image formed by the objective lens is 13.74 cm