Making Of a Global World Class 10 Notes

The process of globalization has been ongoing for centuries, with various factors contributing to its development. The exchange of goods, people, ideas, and technology across different parts of the world has shaped the course of history and transformed societies. In the context of Class 10 Social Science, the article "The Making of a Global World Class 10 Notes" examines the key events and factors that contributed to the globalization of the world. From the Silk Routes to the modern era of multinational corporations, this chapter delves into the economic, social, and cultural aspects of globalization and how it has impacted the world we live in today. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts, events, and ideas covered in the Class 10 notes on the making of a global world.

Trade

The activity of buying selling or exchanging goods or services between people firms or countries.

Global inter contentedness - Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes

In ancient times, a global world was created through various means such as trade, migration of people, movement of capital, goods, ideas, and inventions. The Indus Valley civilization had an active coastal trade with present-day West Asia as early as 3000 BCE (Before the Christian Era).

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was the explorer who discovered the vast continent of America. He took the sea route to reach there.

First World War

The First World War, which broke out in 1914, engulfed almost the entire world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. It is known as the First World War because of the unprecedented extent of its spread and its total nature.

‘Chutney music'

Trinidadians and Guyanese popularized "Chutney music," which is a creative contemporary expression of the post-indenture experience. This music genre exemplifies the cultural fusion between the Caribbean islands and India.

Role of the ‘Silk route’

• Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes- Historians have identified several land and sea routes that were used to transport Chinese silk to the west. These routes are collectively known as the 'Silk routes', which connected vast regions of Asia and linked Asia with Europe and Northern Africa. The Silk routes were also used to transport other commodities such as pottery from China, textiles and spices from India and South Asia.
• The exchange was not limited to goods alone. Precious metals such as gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia through these routes.
• Moreover, the Silk routes also facilitated the spread of Buddhism from Eastern India to several parts of Asia.
• Indentured labor refers to the system of bonded labor where a laborer is under a contract to work for an employer for a specific duration, to pay for his passage to a new country or home.

Reasons why it can be described as new system of slavery

• Agents provided false information regarding their destination, modes of travel, nature of work, and working conditions, cheating many migrants who agreed to take up work to escape poverty and oppression in their home villages.
• Migrants were often not informed that they were going on long sea journeys, and once they reached their destination, they were given tasks that were extremely heavy and could not be completed in a day. As a result, they were beaten or imprisoned, and their wages were deducted if the work was considered unsatisfactory.
• Living and working conditions were harsh, and there were few legal rights to protect the workers.

Com laws

 The British landowners, who held a dominant position in Parliament, introduced the first Com Law in 1804 to safeguard their profits by imposing a duty on imported com. As a result, the price of bread soared and British wheat farming expanded.

Effects of Abolition of Corn Laws -Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes

• The allowance of importing food grains from abroad at lower costs enabled merchants in England to do so.
• The agricultural sector experienced widespread unemployment as a result.
• This situation contributed to the emergence of a prosperous capitalist class in the urban areas.
• The unemployment in the rural sector further led to the movement of labor from agriculture to industry.

‘Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange’

• Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes- Traders and travelers spread food crops to the lands they visited, introducing many common foods we eat today such as potatoes, maize, soya, groundnuts, tomatoes, chilies, and sweet potatoes from America.
• Noodles, which originated in China, traveled West and were adapted into dishes such as spaghetti, or perhaps Arab traders brought pasta to fifth-century Sicily.
• Rotis, a type of Indian bread, evolved into tortillas in Mexico, America, and other western countries.
• With the introduction of potatoes, Europe's poorer populations saw an improvement in their diet and longevity.

Economic effect of the First World War on Britain

• Britain had borrowed liberally from the US to finance war expenditure, burdening itself with huge external debts.
• The war disrupted Britain’s dominance in the Indian market, as the nationalist movement gained strength and anti-British sentiment grew among the common people. Nationalist leaders aimed to promote Indian industries, which had an adverse impact on industries in Britain.
• Unemployment increased significantly, while agricultural and industrial production decreased. Cotton production collapsed and the export of cotton from Britain declined dramatically.
• Britain struggled to modernize and compete internationally with the US, Germany, and Japan.

Rinderpest (cattle plague)
An infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, etc.

Opium trade, the traffic that developed in the 18th and 19th centuries in which Great Britain, exported opium grown in India to China.

The Great Depression.
An economic situation in which most parts of the world experienced catastrophic declines in production, employment, incomes and trade. Began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1930s.

Great Depression in the US between 1929-30 -Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes

• Britain had borrowed liberally from the US to finance war expenditure, burdening itself with huge external debts.
• The war disrupted Britain’s dominance in the Indian market, as the nationalist movement gained strength and anti-British sentiment grew among the common people. Nationalist leaders aimed to promote Indian industries, which had an adverse impact on industries in Britain.
• Unemployment increased significantly, while agricultural and industrial production decreased. Cotton production collapsed and the export of cotton from Britain declined dramatically.
• Britain struggled to modernize and compete internationally with the US, Germany, and Japan.

NIEO -Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes

Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes-Although there was unprecedented economic growth in the West and Japan, nothing was done about the poverty and lack of development in countries which were earlier colonies. Thus, there arose a need for the developing nations to organised themselves into the G-77 group to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO). NIEO meant a system that would give them control over their own natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and
and better access for their manufactured goods in developed markets.

Bretton Woods Agreement

Tire main aim of the post-war international economic system was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world. A framework of the scheme was prepared. The famous economist John Maynard Keynes directed the preparation of the frame-work and it was agreed upon at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire in USA. According to the Bretton Woods Conference, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were set up. IMF was set up to deal with external surpluses and deficits of its member nations and the World Bank was to finance post-war reconstruction. These two are referred to as Bretton Woods institutions or, sometimes, ‘Bretton Woods twins’. Decision making in these institutions was controlled by the Western industrial powers and the US even had Veto over their key decisions. The post-war economic system is often described as the Bretton Wood system.

Download the eSaral App for complete Class 10 Video lectures, Study material, revision and much more.

Making Of Global World Class 10 Notes

Also read

Class 10 NCERT Science notes -All Chapters

The Rise of Nationalism In Europe Class 10 Notes

Class 10th History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Notes