ISC Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 - PDF Download
JEE Mains & Advanced
The ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year covers an in-depth study of core biological concepts, helping students build a strong foundation for further studies in biological sciences. The syllabus is divided into two main sections: Theory and Practical.
Theory
The theory section includes five units that provide a comprehensive overview of essential topics in biology. The first unit, Reproduction, explores the reproductive processes in both plants and animals. Students learn about human reproduction, reproductive health, and the different stages of development. The second unit, Genetics and Evolution, delves into the principles of heredity, gene interactions, genetic disorders, and the theories of evolution. This unit helps students understand how traits are passed from one generation to another and the mechanisms driving evolution.
The third unit, Biology and Human Welfare, examines how biology affects human life. Topics include the role of microbes in food production, antibiotics, and disease control. Students also explore health issues such as cancer, AIDS, and other infectious diseases. The fourth unit, Biotechnology and Its Applications covers the basics of genetic engineering, biotechnology in agriculture, and the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Students learn about the applications of biotechnology in medicine, industry, and environmental conservation.
Finally, the fifth unit, Ecology and Environment, focuses on ecosystems, biodiversity, environmental issues, and sustainable development. Students study the interactions between living organisms and their surroundings, addressing topics like pollution, global warming, and conservation strategies.
Practical
The practical section emphasizes hands-on learning. Students conduct experiments on plant and animal physiology, prepare microscopic slides, and observe cell division. They also study ecological models and charts, which help them understand theoretical concepts in real-life situations. These practical skills are essential for building a solid understanding of biological processes.
Overall, the ISC Class 12 Biology syllabus aims to give students a well-rounded knowledge of biology, preparing them for higher education in the life sciences.
ISC Class 12 Biology Semester-Wise Syllabus 2024-25
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Reproduction (i) Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes - apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation. (ii) Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). (iii) Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies |
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Genetics and Evolution (i) Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosomal theory of inheritance; sex determination, linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance; Mendelian disorders in humans; chromosomal disorders in humans. (ii) Molecular basis of Inheritance: Chromosomes and genes; Search for genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging: central dogma; DNA replication; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting. (iii) Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution. |
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Biology and Human Welfare (i) Human Health and Diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (viruses, bacteria, protozoans, helminths, and fungi) Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse (ii) Microbes in Human Welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics |
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Biotechnology and its Applications (i) Biotechnology - Principles and processes: Genetic Engineering (recombinant DNA technology). (ii) Biotechnology and its applications: Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy, and biopatents. |
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Ecology and Environment (i) Organisms and Populations: Population, population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution (ii) Ecosystem: Ecosystems patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy. (iii) Biodiversity and its Conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites |
Deleted Topics
Unit 1: Reproduction
Chapter 1: Reproduction in the Organism (Whole Chapter)
Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Whole Chapter)
Unit 5: Ecology and Environment
Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations: Definition of Ecology;
Chapter 12: Ecosystems: Definition of Habitat and Niche, Succession.
Chapter 14: Environmental Issues (Whole Chapter)
Added Topics
Unit 1: Reproduction
Chapter 2: Pollination, Types of pollination (autogamy, chasmogamy, cleistogamy, geitonogamy, and xenogamy), and adaptations in flowers pollinated by wind, water, and insects. Advantages of self- and cross-pollination.
Fruits to be classified into true and false: structure (L.S.) of a typical fruit (mango and coconut); internal structure of dicot (bean) and monocot (maize) seeds; definition, albuminous and non-albuminous seeds.
Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 5, Principles of Inheritance and Variation: definition of homologous chromosomes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes; alleles—dominant and recessive; phenotype; genotype; homozygous; heterozygous; monohybrid; and dihybrid crosses;
Pleiotropy concerning the example of phenylketonuria (PKU) in human beings and starch synthesis in pea seeds.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance: The Rice Genome Project (Salient Features and Applications).
Chapter 7: Evolution: Origin of Life—Abiogenesis and Biogenesis, Effect of Oxygen on Evolution—s Darwinism, resistance of mosquitoes to DDT and resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, Lederberg’s replica plating experiment; Mutation: spontaneous, induced, gene (point transition, transversion, and frame-shift).
Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 8: Human Health and Disease: Alcoholism and Smoking: Effects on Health.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare: Household Products: Lactobacillus (curd), Saccharomyces (bread), Propionibacterium (Swiss cheese), and Antibiotics (Penicillin: Discovery and Use).
ISC class 12 Biology Exam Pattern
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Theory |
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S. No |
UNIT |
TOTAL WEIGHTAGE |
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1 |
Reproduction |
16 marks |
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2 |
Genetics and Evolution |
15 marks |
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3 |
Biology and Human Welfare |
14 marks |
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4 |
Biotechnology and its Applications |
10 marks |
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5 |
Ecology and Environment |
15 marks |
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Total |
70 Marks |
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Practical Work |
15 marks |
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Project Work and Practical File |
15 marks |
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ISC Class 12 Biology Project Work Evaluation Criteria
Check the evaluation criteria for ISC Class 12 Biology, in the table below:
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Assessment Type |
Marks |
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Project Work
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10 marks |
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Practical File
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5 marks |